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battle service practice

Толкование Перевод

1 battle (service) practice

Военный термин: учебная боевая стрельба

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > battle (service) practice
2 battle service practice

Оружейное производство: учение с боевой стрельбой

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > battle service practice
3 battle service practice

учение с боевой стрельбой

English-Russian arms dictionary > battle service practice
4 battle (service) practice

учебная боевая стрельба

English-Russian military dictionary > battle (service) practice
5 battle (service) practice

учебная боевая стрельба

English-Russian military dictionary > battle (service) practice
6 practice

учебная боевая стрельба [стрельбы]; учение; занятие; упражнение; тренировка

— annual service practice

— artillery practice

— battle service practice

— bayonet practice

— blackout practice

— bombing practice

— close-quarter infantry practice

— combat firing practice

— combat practice

— concealment practice

— dry practice

— field firing practice

— field landing practice

— firing practice

— gallery practice

— gunnery practice

— hands-on skill practice

— instruction practice

— laying practice

— live practice

— military practices

— miniature range practice

— missile firing practice

— musketry practice

— night practice

— no-notice service practice

— parachute practice

— qualifying practice

— range practice

— record practice

— record service practice

— service practice

— silent practice

— smallbore practice

— target practice

— testing practices

English-Russian military dictionary > practice
7 battle practice

1) Военный термин: (service) учебная боевая стрельба

2) Оружейное производство: учебная боевая стрельба

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > battle practice
8 учебная боевая стрельба

1) General subject: practice

2) Military: battle (service) practice, combat firing practice, firing practice, service practice

3) Arms production: battle practice

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > учебная боевая стрельба
9 учение с боевой стрельбой

1) Military: field firing exercise

2) Arms production: battle service practice

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > учение с боевой стрельбой
10 Schulgefechtsschießen

n

battle service practice

Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Schulgefechtsschießen
11 unit

организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. element

bath(ing) and clothing unit — банно-прачечное подразделение

bulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего

counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи

Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП

multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения

photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]

surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом

surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования

tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА

war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени

— absorbed dose unit

— accounting unit

— activate a unit

— active filter unit

— active filtration unit

— active unit

— active-duty combat unit

— ad hoc unit

— adjoining unit

— administrative unit

— advanced infantry training/one-station unit training unit

— advanced marksmanship unit

— advanced training unit

— aerial delivery unit

— aerial surveillance unit

— aeromedical evacuation unit

— aeromedical staging unit

— affected unit

— affiliated unit

— afloat-based unit

— agent detector unit

— aggressor unit

— air base service unit

— air cavalry unit

— air defense unit

— air dispatch unit

— Air Force ground-based defence units

— air intelligence liaison unit

— air mission unit

— air photograph interpretation unit

— air portable unit

— air reserve unit

— air staging unit

— air transportable unit

— air transported unit

— air unit

— airborne unit

— aircraft delivery unit

— airmobile assault unit

— airmobile engineer unit

— airmobile motorcycle scout unit

— airmobile unit

— air-support control unit

— air-support signal unit

— air-support training unit

— all-jump unit

— all-tank unit

— ammunition dummy unit

— ammunition renovation unit

— ammunition unit

— amphibious beach unit

— amphibious training unit

— amphibious unit

— anti-intrusion alarm unit

— antisubmarine air search attack unit

— area service unit

— arming and destruct unit

— armor human research unit

— armored combat unit

— armored unit

— armor-heavy unit

— armoured reconnaissance unit

— armoured recovery unit

— Army Aeromedical Research unit

— Army Air Corps unit

— Army Aviation Trials unit

— artillery meteorological unit

— ASA unit

— assault aircraft unit

— assault craft unit

— assault phase firing unit

— assault shipping naval unit

— assault supporting naval unit

— assigned unit

— atomic demolition unit

— attached unit

— attitude reference unit

— augment a unit

— augmentation unit

— automatic laying control unit

— auxiliary beach signal unit

— auxiliary power unit

— auxiliary propulsion unit

— aviation survey unit

— aviation transportation unit

— aviation unit

— azimuth orientation unit

— backpack unit

— backup contingency unit

— backup support unit

— backup unit

— balanced unit

— base development unit

— base unit

— basic tactical unit

— basic unit

— bathing unit

— battalion-size unit

— battery computer unit

— battery display unit

— battle unit

— battlefield illumination unit

— beach defense unit

— beach jumper unit

— beach lighterage unit

— beach signal unit

— beachmaster unit

— blood supply unit

— BM unit

— boat unit

— bobtailed unit

— bomb dispenser unit

— bomb disposal unit

— bomb dummy unit

— bomb live unit

— bomb load unit

— bomb unit

— border operation unit

— branch composite unit

— bridge unit

— bus control unit

— cadet unit

— cadre unit

— cannon unit

— car unit

— care-taker unit

— carrier air unit

— carrier aircraft service unit

— carrier unit

— casual unit

— casualty air evacuation unit

— casualty-holding unit

— casualty-staging unit

— category I direct combat unit

— category I unit

— category II unit

— category III unit

— cavalry unit

— cavity unit

— central alarm unit

— central interpretation unit

— ceremonial drill unit

— chaff unit

— charging unit

— chemical decontaminating unit

— chemical processing unit

— chemical service unit

— chemical smoke generator unit

— chemical warfare unit

— cipher unit

— circuit switching unit

— civil affairs administration/military government unit

— civil affairs unit

— civil disturbance control unit

— civilian service unit

— clearing unit

— cluster bomb unit

— collecting and staging unit

— color-bearing unit

— combat air force units

— combat airlift support unit

— combat cargo air unit

— combat cargo unit

— combat construction unit

— combat effective unit

— combat engineer unit

— combat ineffective unit

— combat maneuver unit

— combat service support unit

— combat support unit

— combat train unit

— combat training unit

— combat unit

— combined diesel/gas turbine unit

— combined gas turbine/gas turbine propulsion unit

— combined-arms unit

— command destruct unit

— commando assault unit

— commission into a unit

— committed unit

— communications message traffic control unit

— communications unit

— companion unit

— composite unit

— construction unit

— container bomb unit

— continental US-based European reinforcing unit

— conventional unit

— conversion unit

— corps units

— counterguerilla unit

— counterinsurgency unit

— criminal investigations unit

— customer unit

— cut-off a unit

— data processing unit

— deactivate a unit

— defensive unit

— degassing unit

— delivery unit

— demining unit

— demonstration unit

— deploy a unit "two up"

— deployment capability improvement unit

— depot support unit

— detached unit

— develop a unit

— development unit

— dinner unit

— direct operational support unit

— direct reporting unit

— direct-support unit

— divisional units

— docks operating unit

— double-based units

— drill unit

— drinking-water treatment unit

— dry unit

— dual-based units

— economy-of-force unit

— education unit

— effective unit

— electrically energized stream-of-water projector backpack unit

— electromagnetic transmission control unit

— electronics research unit

— elite unit

— emergency communications unit

— emergency medical care unit

— emergency medical treatment unit

— emergency recovery unit

— encryption unit

— engineer amphibious unit

— engineer bridge unit

— engineer camouflage unit

— engineer construction unit

— engineer damage control unit

— engineer parachute unit

— engineer reconnaissance unit

— equipment holding unit

— EW unit

— executing unit

— explosive ordnance disposal unit

— fallout survey unit

— ferry service unit

— field bath unit

— field exchange unit

— field laundry unit

— field postal unit

— field storage unit

— field surgical unit

— field training unit

— fighter control unit

— fighting unit

— fill out a unit

— fill up a unit

— filter unit

— filtration unit

— finance disbursing unit

— fire control simulation unit

— fire control unit

— fire delivery unit

— fire support delivery unit

— fire-fighting unit

— first production unit

— first training unit

— fixed TOE unit

— fixed unit

— flag-bearing unit

— flame thrower service unit

— flame thrower unit

— flash generator unit

— flexible unit

— flying training unit

— flying unit

— force troops unit

— forward observer target survey unit

— forward unit

— front-line unit

— fuel servicing unit

— full TOE unit

— full-strength unit

— gaining unit

— garrison unit

— gas-particles filter unit

— general construction unit

— general recruiting unit

— general service unit

— general support unit

— ghost unit

— glide bomb unit

— GM service unit

— GM unit

— graves control unit

— graves registration unit

— ground surveillance unit

— guards parachute regimental unit

— guards unit

— guidance control unit

— guided bomb unit

— gun aircraft unit

— handle a unit

— hard-core unit

— hauling unit

— heavy large unit

— heavy maintenance unit

— heliborne unit

— helicopter ambulance unit

— holding unit

— home defence unit

— Home Defense unit

— honeycomb guide unit

— hospital augmentation unit

— host country unit

— hosted unit

— HQ & HQ unit

— HQ field press censorship unit

— HQ unit

— human research unit

— hydraulic system test and repair unit

— hydro-volume steering unit

— identify a unit

— immunizing unit

— incendiary bomb load unit

— incendiary oil mixing and transfer unit

— incoming unit

— independent unit

— infantry unit

— infectious unit

— Information Systems unit

— insert units into an objective

— inshore undersea warfare attack unit

— inshore undersea warfare surveillance unit

— instruction unit

— integrated sight unit

— Intelligence Corps unit

— intelligence field unit

— interchange units

— interior unit

— intermediate maintenance support unit

— interrogation and captured documents unit

— interrogation unit

— ion change water purification unit

— IR-aiming unit

— IR-communications unit

— IR-detection unit

— isolated unit

— issuing unit

— joint FAC training and standards unit

— jungle expert unit

— junior infantry unit

— junior leaders' unit

— Junior ROTC unit

— junior training unit

— knapsack-pack water filter unit

— labor service unit

— labor supervision unit

— land-based missile unit

— landing craft recovery unit

— landing craft repair unit

— landing obstruction clearing unit

— large unit

— laser communications field unit

— launch command cable lines switching unit

— launcher-fire control system interface unit

— laying unit

— leadership human research unit

— leaflet unit

— lean unit

— liaison unit

— light airborne armored unit

— light armored unit

— light maintenance unit

— line replaceable unit

— live unit

— load aircraft unit

— logistics support unit

— long-range patrol unit

— losing unit

— loudspeaker unit

— main battle area unit

— major unit

— man a unit

— manned maneuvering unit

— manning unit

— manpack radio unit

— map making unit

— mapping unit

— march unit

— Marine amphibious unit

— Marine expeditionary unit

— Marine training unit

— marksmanship training unit

— master augmentation unit

— material handling unit

— mechanized infantry unit

— mechanized-heavy unit

— medical holding unit

— medical research team unit

— medium maintenance unit

— meritorious unit

— messing unit

— military government unit

— military intelligence unit

— military line of communications unit

— military unit

— militia unit

— mine watcher unit

— miniature solar energy unit

— minor unit

— missile countermeasures unit

— missile firing unit

— missile service unit

— missile technical unit

— missile training unit

— missile-armed unit

— mixed air defense unit

— mixed unit

— mobile ammunition evaluation and reconditioning unit

— mobile bath unit

— mobile floating assault bridge/ferry unit

— mobile inspection unit

— mobile laundry unit

— mobile loudspeaker unit

— mobile low-level reporting and control unit

— mobile obstacle unit

— mobile radio unit

— mobile surgical unit

— mobile technical unit

— mobile training unit

— mobile unit

— modular unit

— mortar unit

— motorized infantry unit

— motorized unit

— multipurpose hospital unit

— munition dummy unit

— munitions maintenance unit

— muster a unit

— naval air unit

— naval beach unit

— naval build-up unit

— nonactive military unit

— non-APC unit

— nonconstituted unit

— nondeploying reserve component unit

— nondivisional service support unit

— nondivisional units

— nonflag-bearing unit

— nonflexible unit

— nonflying combat unit

— nonmanning unit

— nonnuclear cannon FA unit

— nonorganic supporting unit

— nonrifle unit

— nonscheduled unit

— nontactical unit

— not-ready unit

— nuclear cannon FA unit

— nuclear delivery unit

— nuclear fire unit

— nuclear weapon carrier unit

— nuclear weapon custodial unit

— nuclear weapon unit

— nuclear weapons maintenance unit

— nuclear-capable fire unit

— numbered unit

— offensive unit

— officer cadet training unit

— officer candidate training unit

— officer files unit

— off-line cipher unit

— on-line cipher unit

— on-order unit

— on-site unit

— operating unit

— operational conversion unit

— operational training unit

— operational units

— operationally ready unit

— optronic tracking unit

— ordnance disposal unit

— organic supporting unit

— organized unit

— original unit

— other ranks training unit

— outgoing unit

— out-of-sector unit

— parachute unit

— para-commando unit

— paramilitary unit

— parent unit

— passive filter unit

— passive filtration unit

— penal unit

— petroleum supply unit

— pioneer unit

— place units to the flank of the enemy advanced elements

— place units to the rear of the enemy advanced elements

— pocket ciphering unit

— point unit

— pontoon bridge unit

— port operations unit

— postal and courier unit

— postal unit

— prelaunch operations sequence control unit

— propulsion unit

— provisional unit

— provost unit

— psychological operations unit

— pure unit

— QM unit

— quick-reaction alert unit

— quick-strike unit

— radar reporting unit

— radio research unit

— rail unit

— raise a unit

— Rangers unit

— reactivate a unit

— ready unit

— rear-based unit

— reception unit

— reconstitute a unit

— recovery unit

— reduced unit

— reduction unit

— regular line unit

— regular unit

— reinforcement holding unit

— reinforcing unit

— rejoin one's unit

— remote indication and control unit

— remote maneuvering unit

— replacement training unit

— replacement unit

— replenishment unit

— reported unit

— reserve augmentation unit

— reserve component affiliated unit

— reserve component unit

— reserve roundout unit

— restructured unit

— revert to the parent unit

— rifle unit

— road unit

— road-bound unit

— rocket artillery unit

— rocket countermeasures unit

— rocket launcher unit

— rotary screw water propulsion unit

— rotating unit

— rotational unit

— sabotage/ reconnaissance unit

— SAC strategic reconnaissance unit

— scale a unit

— screening unit

— screw water propulsion unit

— sea-based missile unit

— search-attack unit

— security assistance training unit

— self-contained back-packed unit

— self-contained unit

— self-destruction unit

— semi-active unit

— semimobile unit

— sequence firing unit

— service unit

— set-up unit

— sexually integrated unit

— shoot a unit

— shore installation protection unit

— short fall unit

— sideslip a unit

— sighting unit

— SIGINT unit

— signal recognition unit

— signal unit

— sister unit

— skeleton unit

— skeletonize a unit

— small battle unit

— small unit

— soil sterilizer unit

— solitary unit

— spearhead unit

— special ammunition service unit

— special intelligence/ EW unit

— special investigations unit

— special observation unit

— special training unit

— split unit

— sponsored unit

— squadron augment unit

— standby unit

— stay-behind unit

— strategic psychological operations unit

— strategic unit

— string out a unit

— strip away reconnaissance units from the main force

— strip units

— student unit

— subordinate unit

— superior unit

— supper unit

— supplemental unit

— supply and maintenance unit

— supply unit

— supported unit

— supporting unit

— surgical unit

— surveillance unit

— surveying unit

— suspension unit

— sustaining unit

— table of distribution and allowance unit

— tactical cover and deception unit

— tactical large unit

— tactical military intelligence unit

— tactical psychological operations unit

— tactical training support unit

— tank transport unit

— tank unit

— target acquisition unit

— task unit

— technical service unit

— television sight unit

— tenant unit

— theater level unit

— TOE unit

— topographic unit

— track water propulsion unit

— traffic regulation unit

— training marine ship detachment unit

— training unit

— transportation unit

— traversing unit

— troop unit

— truck transport unit

— umpire out a unit

— unconventional unit

— understrength unit

— unit in contact

— unit in infantry role

— unit of assignment

— unit of combined arms and services

— unit of credit

— unit of employment

— unit of equipment

— unit of fire

— unit of issue

— unit of origin

— unit under test

— units to round-out the active Army

— unmanned unit

— user unit

— using unit

— utility unit

— van unit

— vehicle tilt compensation unit

— vehicle-operating unit

— vehicular unit

— water propulsion unit

— water purification and distillation unit

— water purification unit

— water treatment unit

— weapon training unit

— weapons location unit

— weapons practice unit

— weapons unit

— wet unit

— wireless observer unit

— workshop unit

* * *

1) часть; 2) единица

English-Russian military dictionary > unit
12 formación

f.

1 formation, creation, constitution.

2 formation, training, education, up-bringing.

3 formation, line-up, order.

* * *

formación

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) formation

2 (educación) upbringing

3 (enseñanza) education, training

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en formación MILITAR in formation

formación musical musical training

formación profesional vocational training

formación universitaria university education

* * *

noun f.

1) formation

2) training

* * *

SF

1) (=creación) [gen] formation

para prevenir la formación de hielo — to prevent ice (from) forming, to prevent the formation of ice frm

se anunció la formación de un nuevo partido — it was announced that a new party is to be formed

la formación de palabras — word formation

la Europa que está en formación — the Europe that is taking shape o that is in formation

2) (=aprendizaje) [en un campo concreto] training; [en conocimientos teóricos] education

tenía una formación musical clásica — she trained as a classical musician, she had a classical musical training

nuestro objetivo es la formación de personal técnico — our aim is to train technical staff

la formación del profesorado — teacher training

se nota que tiene formación universitaria — you can tell he's had a university education o background

formación laboral, formación ocupacional — occupational training

formación profesional — vocational training

3) (=grupo) [político] party; [militar] group; [musical] group, band; [de jugadores] squad

las dos principales formaciones de izquierda — the two main left-wing parties

las grandes formaciones sinfónicas europeas — the great European symphony orchestras

no ha anunciado todavía la formación del equipo — he hasn't announced the squad yet

formación política — political party

4) (Mil)

en formación — in formation

en formación de combate — in battle o combat formation

5) (Geol, Bot) formation

* * *

femenino

1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation

2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

3) (Mil) formation

formación de combate — combat formation

4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training

tiene una buena formación — she has had a good education

el período de formación — the training period

•

- formación profesional or vocacional

* * *

= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.

Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.

Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.

Ex. All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.

Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.

----

* área de formación = teaching unit.

* beca de formación = in-service training.

* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.

* curso de formación = training course.

* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.

* departamento de formación = teaching unit.

* escuela de formación = training school.

* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.

* formación académica = academic background, formal education.

* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.

* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.

* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.

* formación continua del personal = staff development.

* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.

* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).

* formación de ampollas = blistering.

* formación de burbujas = blistering.

* formación de grumos = caking.

* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.

* formación de hielo = icing.

* formación de la colección = collection building.

* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.

* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* formación de piquetes = picketing.

* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.

* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.

* formación documental = information education.

* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.

* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.

* formación en enfermería = nursing education.

* formación en informática = computer literacy.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* formación geológica = geological formation.

* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.

* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.

* formación nubosa = cloud cover.

* formación ocupacional = work education.

* formación paternal = parenting education.

* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.

* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.

* formación reglada = formal education.

* formación requerida = job specs.

* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.

* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* proceso de formación = instructional process.

* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.

* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* sin formación = ill-educated.

* sin formación previa = untrained.

* * *

femenino

1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation

2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

3) (Mil) formation

formación de combate — combat formation

4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training

tiene una buena formación — she has had a good education

el período de formación — the training period

•

- formación profesional or vocacional

* * *

= formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.

Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.

Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.

Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.

Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.

Ex: All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.

Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.

Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.

* área de formación = teaching unit.

* beca de formación = in-service training.

* bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.

* curso de formación = training course.

* curso de formación continua = continuing education course.

* departamento de formación = teaching unit.

* escuela de formación = training school.

* escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.

* formación académica = academic background, formal education.

* formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.

* formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.

* formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.

* formación continua del personal = staff development.

* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.

* formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).

* formación de ampollas = blistering.

* formación de burbujas = blistering.

* formación de grumos = caking.

* formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.

* formación de hielo = icing.

* formación de la colección = collection building.

* formación del personal = staff training, professional development.

* formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.

* formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.

* formación de piquetes = picketing.

* formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.

* formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.

* formación de un núcleo = nucleation.

* formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.

* formación documental = information education.

* formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.

* formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.

* formación en enfermería = nursing education.

* formación en informática = computer literacy.

* formación en prácticas = in-service.

* formación geológica = geological formation.

* formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.

* formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.

* formación nubosa = cloud cover.

* formación ocupacional = work education.

* formación paternal = parenting education.

* formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.

* formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.

* formación reglada = formal education.

* formación requerida = job specs.

* instituto de formación profesional = technical school.

* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.

* para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.

* proceso de formación = instructional process.

* programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.

* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* sin formación = ill-educated.

* sin formación previa = untrained.

* * *

formación

feminine

A (proceso)

1 (de las rocas, nubes) formation

2 (de un grupo, gobierno) formation

3 (de palabras, frases) formation

B ( Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation

C ( Mil) formation

formación de combate combat formation

D (adiestramiento) training; (educación recibida) education

la formación del carácter the formation of the character

el período de formación the training period

tiene una buena formación literaria she has had a good literary education

Compuesto:

formación profesional or (CS) vocacional

professional o vocational training

estudiantes de formación profesional or vocacional ≈ students at technical college

Formación Profesional - FP (↑ formación a1)

* * *

formación sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) formation;
◊ la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government

2 ( educación recibida) education;
( para trabajo) training;
formación profesional or (CS) vocacional professional o vocational training
formación sustantivo femenino
1 formation
2 (crianza) upbringing
3 (instrucción) training
formación profesional, vocational training, occupational training
' formación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
enseñanza
- FP
- práctica
- preparación
English:
background
- development
- formation
- on-the-job
- shall
- should
- staff training
- teacher-training
- training
- training course
- training manual
- vocational
- parade
- teacher
- technical
- untrained

* * *

formación nf

1. [creación] formation;

la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government;
Ling
la formación de palabras word formation

2. [educación] training;

la formación de los jóvenes es prioritaria para combatir el desempleo it is extremely important to train young people in order to combat unemployment;

recibió una formación clásica he received a traditional education;

sin formación académica with little formal education

Comp
formación en alternancia sandwich courses;
formación continua in-service training;

formación de formadores training of trainers;

formación ocupacional vocational o occupational training;

formación pedagógica teacher training;

formación profesional [ocupacional] = vocational o occupational training;
[ciclo educativo] = vocationally orientated secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 14-18, currently being phased out
3. [equipo] team;
[alineación] line-up;
formación política political party

4. Mil formation;

marchar en formación to march in formation

5. Geol formation;

una formación rocosa a rock formation;

esta zona presenta formaciones calcáreas there are limestone formations in this area

* * *

formación

f

1 de palabras, asociación formation

2 ( entrenamiento) training;

alumno de formación profesional student doing a vocational course

* * *

formación nf, pl - ciones

1) : formation

2) : training

formación profesional: vocational training

* * *

formación n

1. (proceso) formation

2. (enseñanza) education

formación profesional vocational training

Spanish-English dictionary > formación
13 morir

v.

1 to die.

murió apuñalado he was stabbed to death

murió asesinado he was murdered

murió ahogado he drowned

La niña murió al nacer The baby girl died at birth.

Mis flores murieron My flowers died.

2 to die down (fuego).

3 to subside, to die, to peter off.

El sonido murió al fin The sound subsided at last.

4 to die on.

* * *

morir

Conjugation model [ DORMIR], like link=dormir dormir (pp muerto,-a)

► verbo intransitivo

1 (ser vivo) to die

■ murieron de hipotermia they died of hypothermia

■ murió joven he died young

■ murió de vejez she died of old age

2 (día) to finish, come to an end

3 (fuego) to die down

4 (sendero, río) to end

► verbo pronominal morirse

1 to die

■ se murió a pocas horas del accidente he died shortly after the accident

■ se le murieron los padres cuando era niño his parents died when he was a child

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

morir ahogado to drown

morir con las botas puestas to die with one's boots on

morirse de aburrimiento to be bored to death

morirse de frío (fallecer) to die of cold 2 (tener frío) to be freezing

morirse de ganas de... to be dying to...

morirse de hambre to starve 2 figurado to be starving

morirse de miedo to be scared stiff

morirse de pena to die of a broken heart

morirse de risa to kill oneself laughing

■ es para morirse de risa it's a scream

morirse del susto to die of shock

morirse de vergüenza to die of embarrassment

morirse por + inf algo to be dying to + inf something

■ se muere por verla he's dying to see her

morirse por alguien to be mad about somebody

¡muera...!/¡mueran...! death to...!, down with...!

■ ¡mueran los dictadores! down with the dictators!

* * *

verb

to die

* * *
(pp muerto)
1. VI

1) [persona, animal, planta] to die

ha muerto de repente — she died suddenly

murió a consecuencia de un infarto — he died as a result of a heart attack

lo asfixió hasta morir — she suffocated him to death

¡muera el tirano! — down with the tyrant!, death to the tyrant!

• morir ahogado — to drown

• morir ahorcado — [por un verdugo] to be hanged; [suicidándose] to be found hanged

murió ahorcado en su celda — he was found hanged in his cell

• morir asesinado — [persona] to be murdered; [personaje público] to be assassinated

• morir de algo — to die of sth

murió de cáncer/del corazón — he died of cancer/of a heart attack

morir de frío — to die of cold, freeze to death

morir de hambre — to die of hunger, starve to death

morir de muerte natural — to die a natural death, die of natural causes

morir de vejez o de viejo — to die of old age

• morir por algo — to die for sth

no merece la pena morir por amor — it is not worth dying for love

- morir al pie del cañón
bota
2) (=extinguirse) [civilización] to die, die out, come to an end; [amor] to die; [fuego] to die down; [luz] to fade

con él moría toda una generación — with him died an entire generation

moría el día — liter the day was drawing to a close liter

las olas iban a morir a la playa — liter the waves ran out on the beach

ese camino muere en la ermita — that path comes to an end at the chapel

- y allí muere

2.

See:

morirse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) persona to die

morir ahogado — to drown

murió asesinada — she was murdered

morir DE algo — to die of something

morir de vejez/de muerte natural — to die of old age/of natural causes

murió de hambre — she starved to death

murieron por su patria — they died for their country

muera el dictador! — death to the dictator!

y allí muere! — (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!

hasta morir — (Méx fam)

la fiesta va a ser hasta morir — we're going to party till we drop (colloq)

b) (liter) civilización/costumbre to die out

cuando muere la tarde — as the day draws to a close (liter)

el río va a morir a la mar — the river runs to the sea
2.
morirse v pron to die

se me murió la perra — my dog died

no te vas a morir por ayudarlo — (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq)

como se entere me muero — (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq)

por mí que se muera! — he can drop dead for all I care (colloq)

que me muera si miento — cross my heart and hope to die (colloq)

muérete! me caso el sábado — (fam) you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! (colloq)

morirse DE algo: se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack; morir de miedo/aburrimiento to be scared stiff/bored stiff; me muero de frío I'm freezing; me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq); es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny; me muero de ganas de verlos I'm dying to see them (colloq); morirse POR algo/alguien: me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq); se muere por ella he's nuts o crazy about her (colloq); morirse POR + INF — to be dying to + inf (colloq)

* * *

= die, pass on, bite + the dust, die away, give up + the ghost, kick + the bucket, pass away, die off.

Ex. I understand that Mr. Haykin was hoping to develop a code for subject practice, but he died and it was never done, so that today we lack a code.

Ex. Further, it is true in nature that organisms are born, grow and mature, decline and pass on.

Ex. The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.

Ex. The desire soon dies away and the book is forgotten if copies are not handy = El deseo pronto muere y el libro se olvida si no hay ejemplares a mano.

Ex. This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.

Ex. The author hypothesized that schizophrenia patients would show impaired idiom processing for literally plausible idioms (e.g., kick the bucket) but not for literally implausible idioms (e.g., be on cloud nine).

Ex. A great deal of traditional indigenous knowledge is being irretrievably lost in New Zealand as the Maori elders age and pass away.

Ex. Bees in southern Germany have been dying off in their hundreds of thousands.

----

* antes morir que = would rather + Verbo + than.

* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.

* casi + morir = nearly + die.

* deseo inconsciente de morir = death-wish.

* luchar hasta morir = battle + it out.

* morir ahogado = drown.

* morir al instante = die + there and then, die on + the spot.

* morir aplastado = crush to + death.

* morir con dignidad = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.

* morir de hambre = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.

* morir de inanición = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.

* morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.

* morir después que = outlive.

* morir de viejo = die of + old age.

* morir dignamente = have + a dignified death, die with + dignity, die + a dignified death.

* morir instantáneamente = die + there and then, die on + the spot.

* morirse de frío = freeze to + death.

* morirse de hambre = starve.

* morirse de risa = laugh + Posesivo + head off.

* morirse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.

* morirse por = itch for.

* morirse por + Infinitivo = be dying to + Infinitivo.

* morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.

* ¡muérete de envidia! = eat your heart out!.

* nosotros lo hacíamos y no nos moríamos = it never did + Pronombre + any harm.

* ser para morirse de risa = be a hoot.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) persona to die

morir ahogado — to drown

murió asesinada — she was murdered

morir DE algo — to die of something

morir de vejez/de muerte natural — to die of old age/of natural causes

murió de hambre — she starved to death

murieron por su patria — they died for their country

muera el dictador! — death to the dictator!

y allí muere! — (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!

hasta morir — (Méx fam)

la fiesta va a ser hasta morir — we're going to party till we drop (colloq)

b) (liter) civilización/costumbre to die out

cuando muere la tarde — as the day draws to a close (liter)

el río va a morir a la mar — the river runs to the sea
2.
morirse v pron to die

se me murió la perra — my dog died

no te vas a morir por ayudarlo — (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq)

como se entere me muero — (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq)

por mí que se muera! — he can drop dead for all I care (colloq)

que me muera si miento — cross my heart and hope to die (colloq)

muérete! me caso el sábado — (fam) you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! (colloq)

morirse DE algo: se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack; morir de miedo/aburrimiento to be scared stiff/bored stiff; me muero de frío I'm freezing; me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq); es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny; me muero de ganas de verlos I'm dying to see them (colloq); morirse POR algo/alguien: me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq); se muere por ella he's nuts o crazy about her (colloq); morirse POR + INF — to be dying to + inf (colloq)

* * *

= die, pass on, bite + the dust, die away, give up + the ghost, kick + the bucket, pass away, die off.

Ex: I understand that Mr. Haykin was hoping to develop a code for subject practice, but he died and it was never done, so that today we lack a code.

Ex: Further, it is true in nature that organisms are born, grow and mature, decline and pass on.

Ex: The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.

Ex: The desire soon dies away and the book is forgotten if copies are not handy = El deseo pronto muere y el libro se olvida si no hay ejemplares a mano.

Ex: This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.

Ex: The author hypothesized that schizophrenia patients would show impaired idiom processing for literally plausible idioms (e.g., kick the bucket) but not for literally implausible idioms (e.g., be on cloud nine).

Ex: A great deal of traditional indigenous knowledge is being irretrievably lost in New Zealand as the Maori elders age and pass away.

Ex: Bees in southern Germany have been dying off in their hundreds of thousands.

* antes morir que = would rather + Verbo + than.

* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.

* casi + morir = nearly + die.

* deseo inconsciente de morir = death-wish.

* luchar hasta morir = battle + it out.

* morir ahogado = drown.

* morir al instante = die + there and then, die on + the spot.

* morir aplastado = crush to + death.

* morir con dignidad = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.

* morir de hambre = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.

* morir de inanición = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.

* morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.

* morir después que = outlive.

* morir de viejo = die of + old age.

* morir dignamente = have + a dignified death, die with + dignity, die + a dignified death.

* morir instantáneamente = die + there and then, die on + the spot.

* morirse de frío = freeze to + death.

* morirse de hambre = starve.

* morirse de risa = laugh + Posesivo + head off.

* morirse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.

* morirse por = itch for.

* morirse por + Infinitivo = be dying to + Infinitivo.

* morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.

* ¡muérete de envidia! = eat your heart out!.

* nosotros lo hacíamos y no nos moríamos = it never did + Pronombre + any harm.

* ser para morirse de risa = be a hoot.

* * *

morir [ I37 ]

vi

1 «persona/animal» to die

morir ahogado to drown

murió asesinada she was murdered

morir DE algo to die OF sth

morir de viejo or de vejez to die of old age

morir de muerte natural to die of natural causes

morir de frío to die of cold, freeze to death

murió de hambre she died of hunger, she starved to death

murieron por la libertad de su patria they died for their country's freedom

antes morir que rendirse (it's) better to die than to surrender

¡muera el dictador! death to the dictator!

¡ahí te mueras! ( fam); drop dead! ( colloq)

hasta morir ( Méx fam): la fiesta va a ser hasta morir we're going to party till we drop ( colloq)

¡y allí muere! ( AmC fam); period! ( AmE), and that's that!

2 ( liter); «civilización/costumbre» to die out

con él moría el siglo XIX the 19th century died with him

cuando muere la tarde as evening falls ( liter), as the day draws to a close ( liter)

el río va a morir a la mar the river runs to the sea

un caminito que muere al llegar al pueblo a little path which peters out when it gets to the village

■ morirse

v pron

«persona/animal/planta» to die

se murió a los 80 años she died at the age of 80

se le ha muerto la madre her mother has died

se me murió la perra my dog died

si no riegas las plantas se te van a morir your plants will die if you don't water them

por poco me muero cuando me dijo el precio ( fam); I nearly died when he told me the price ( colloq)

no te vas a morir por ayudarlo a hacer las camas ( fam); it won't kill you to help him make the beds ( colloq)

como se entere me muero ( fam); I'll die if she finds out ( colloq)

que me muera si miento cross my heart and hope to die ( colloq)

¡por mí que se muera! he can drop dead for all I care ( colloq)

¡muérete! me caso el sábado ( fam); you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! ( colloq)

morirse DE algo:

se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack

se moría de miedo he was nearly dead with fright, he was scared stiff

nos morimos de aburrimiento we got bored stiff o to death

cierra la ventana, que me muero de frío close the window, I'm freezing

me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving ( colloq), I'm dying of hunger ( colloq)

es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny, you just kill yourself o die laughing ( colloq)

me muero de ganas de ver a los niños I'm dying to see the children ( colloq), I'm really looking forward to seeing the children

morirse POR algo/algn:

me muero por un vaso de agua I'm dying for a glass of water ( colloq)

se muere por esa chica he's nuts o crazy o ( BrE) mad about that girl ( colloq)

me muero por una cerveza fría I could murder a cold beer ( colloq), I'm dying for a cold beer ( colloq)

morirse POR + INF to be dying to + INF ( colloq)

me muero por irme de vacaciones I'm dying o I can't wait to go on vacation

ser de morirse ( fam); to be amazing o incredible ( colloq)

* * *

morir ( conjugate morir) verbo intransitivo
a) [persona/animal] to die;

◊ morir ahogado to drown;

murió asesinada she was murdered;
morir DE algo ‹de vejez/cáncer› to die of sth;
murió de hambre she starved to death;
¡y allí muere! (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!
b) (liter) [civilización/costumbre] to die out

morirse verbo pronominal [persona/animal/planta] to die;
◊ se les murió la madre their mother died;

se me murió la perra my dog died;
no te vas a morir por ayudarlo (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq);
como se entere me muero (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq);
morirse DE algo ‹de un infarto/de cáncer› to die of sth;
se moría de miedo/aburrimiento he was scared stiff/bored stiff;
me muero de frío I'm freezing;
me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq);
me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq);
se muere por verla he's dying to see her (colloq)
morir verbo intransitivo to die
morir de agotamiento/hambre, to die of exhaustion/starvation

' morir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ahogada
- ahogado
- antes
- cascar
- de
- descendencia
- tiesa
- tieso
- vida
- acto
- caer
- librar
- malograr
- matar
- muera
- muriera
English:
before
- bleed
- cause
- death wish
- die
- drown
- expire
- freeze
- save
- than
- exposure
- go

* * *

morir

♦ vi

1. [fallecer] to die (de of);
murió apuñalado he was stabbed to death;

murió asesinado he was murdered;

murió ahogado he drowned;

morir (de) joven to die young;

morir de cáncer/de frío/de muerte natural to die of cancer/of cold/of natural causes;

murió de (un) infarto he died from a heart attack;

morir por la patria/por una causa to die for one's country/for a cause;

¡muera el tirano! death to the tyrant!;

Comp
Fam
a morir: la quiero a morir I love her to death;

aquella noche bebimos a morir we had absolutely loads to drink that night

2. [terminar]
este río muere en el lago this river runs into the lake;

aquel camino muere en el bosque that path peters out in the forest

3. Literario [extinguirse] [fuego] to die down;
[luz] to go out; [día] to come to a close; [tradición, costumbres, civilización] to die out;
nuestra relación murió hace tiempo our relationship died a long time ago

♦ See also the pronominal verb morirse

* * *

morir

<part muerto> v/i die (de of);

morir de hambre die of hunger, starve to death

* * *

morir {46} vi

1) fallecer: to die

2) apagarse: to die out, to go out

* * *

morir vb to die

hace poco que murió su abuelo his grandfather died recently

Spanish-English dictionary > morir
14 standard

'stændəd
1. noun
1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.)

2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.)

3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.)

2. adjective
((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.)

- standardize
- standardise
- standardization
- standardisation
- standard-bearer
- be up to / below standard
- standard of living

standard¹ adj estándar

the standard size el tamaño estándar

it's standard practice es la práctica habitual

standard² n

1. nivel

your work is of a high standard tu trabajo es de un nivel alto

2. criterio

by modern standards, the cities were dirty and dangerous según criterios modernos, las ciudades estaban sucias y eran peligrosas

standard adjetivo & nm ➣ estándar
' standard' also found in these entries: Spanish: abanderada - abanderado - estándar - estandarte - lámpara - nivel - norma - patrón - patrona - pauta - pendón - calor - clásico - cultural - fórmula - insignia - uniforme English: ASCII - employ - gold standard - ISBN - standard - standard-bearer - up to - adequate - come - CST - division - double - EST - go - LST - MST - par - policy - PST - rise - set - tone - unacceptable - up - well

standard

tr['stændəd]

noun

1 (level, degree) nivel nombre masculino; (quality) cualidad nombre femenino

■ your work is of a very high standard tu trabajo es de muy buena calidad

■ the hygiene in this restaurant does not reach the standard required la higiene de este restaurante no alcanza el nivel exigido

■ he sets very high standards exige un nivel muy alto

2 (criterion, yardstick) criterio, valor nombre masculino

■ by European standards según criterios europeos

■ by any standard desde cualquier punto de vista

3 (norm, rule) norma, regla, estándar nombre masculino

■ rigorous safety standards normas de seguridad rigurosas

4 (flag) estandarte nombre masculino, bandera; (of ship) pabellón nombre masculino

5 (official measure) patrón nombre masculino

■ the gold standard el patrón oro

6 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tema nombre masculino clásico, clásico

adjective

1 normal, estándar

■ it is standard practice es la norma, es la práctica habitual

■ standard model modelo estándar

■ standard size tamaño normal

■ standard English inglés estándar

plural noun standards

1 (moral principles) principios nombre masculino plural, valores nombre masculino plural

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be up to / be below standard satisfacer los requisitos / no satisfacer los requisitos

standard lamp lámpara de pie

standard of living nivel nombre masculino de vida

standard time hora oficial

standard ['stændərd] adj

1) established: estándar, oficial

standard measures: medidas oficiales

standard English: el inglés estándar

2) normal: normal, estándar, común

3) classic: estándar, clásico

a standard work: una obra clásica

standard n

1) banner: estandarte m

2) criterion: criterio m

3) rule: estándar m, norma f, regla f

4) level: nivel m

standard of living: nivel de vida

5) support: poste m, soporte m

standard

adj.

• clásico, -a adj.

• corriente adj.

• estándar adj.

• legal adj.

• norma adj.

• normal adj.

• patrón (Norma) adj.

• reglamentario, -a adj.

n.

• bandera s.f.

• enseña s.f.

• estandarte s.m.

• estándar s.m.

• ley s.f.

• lábaro s.m.

• marco s.m.

• medida s.f.

• modelo s.m.

• nivel s.m.

• norma s.f.

• patrón s.m.

• pendón s.m.

• tafetán s.m.

• tasa s.f.

I 'stændərd, 'stændəd
noun

1)

a) ( level) nivel m; ( quality) calidad f

your typing is not of the required standard — tu mecanografía no está al nivel de lo que se exige

the standard of education leaves much to be desired — la calidad de la educación deja mucho que desear

standard of living — nivel m or estándar m de vida

b) ( norm)

she sets very high standards — exige un estándar or nivel muy alto

the product was below standard — el producto no era de la calidad requerida

up to standard — del nivel requerido or de la calidad requerida

c) ( official measure) estándar m

2)

a) ( yardstick) criterio m, parámetro m

even by Mafia standards — incluso para la mafia

by any o anybody's standards — se mire por donde se mire or desde cualquier punto de vista

b) standards pl ( moral principles) principios mpl

declining standards in society — decadencia moral en la sociedad

3) (flag, emblem) estandarte m

II

adjective

1) ( normal) < size> estándar adj inv, normal; < model> ( Auto) estándar adj inv, de serie; < procedure> habitual; < reaction> típico, normal

it's standard (practice) to ask for security — pedir garantías es la norma, se acostumbra or se suele pedir garantías

2) ( officially established) <weight/measure> estándar adj inv, oficial

standard time — hora f oficial

3)

a) <work/reference> clásico

b) <English/French/pronunciation> estándar adj inv

['stændǝd]
1. N

1) (=measure) estándar m

his standards are high/low — sus estándares son altos/bajos, los niveles que requiere son altos/bajos

by any standard the work was good — el trabajo era bueno desde cualquier punto de vista

the food was awful even by my (undemanding) standards — la comida era espantosa incluso para mí (que soy poco exigente)
double 6.
2) (=norm)

• to be below standard — no tener la suficiente calidad

• standards of conduct — normas fpl de conducta

• the gold standard — (Econ) el patrón oro

• to set a standard, the society sets standards for judging different breeds of dog — la asociación establece ciertos patrones or ciertas normas para juzgar las distintas razas de perros

society sets impossible standards for feminine beauty — la sociedad impone unos patrones de belleza femenina imposibles

to set a good standard — imponer un nivel alto

her work has set a standard for excellence which it will be hard to equal — su labor ha establecido unos niveles de excelencia que serán muy difíciles de igualar

this film sets a new standard — esta película establece nuevos niveles de calidad cinematográfica, esta película supera los niveles cinematográficos anteriores

• her work/performance was not up to standard — su trabajo/actuación no estaba a la altura (requerida)

the product is not up to standard — el producto no tiene la calidad requerida

3) (=level) nivel m ; (=quality) calidad f

she has French to first-year university standard — su francés es de un nivel de primer año de carrera

the standard of service — el nivel de servicio

their standard of hygiene leaves much to be desired — los niveles de higiene que tienen dejan mucho que desear

the standard of medical care — la calidad de atención médica

• of (a) high/ low standard — de alto/bajo nivel

high standards of conduct are expected of students — a los alumnos se les exige un nivel de comportamiento muy elevado

4) standards valores mpl morales

she has no standards — carece de valores morales or principios

there has been a corruption of moral standards — han decaído los valores morales

5) (=flag) estandarte m, bandera f

6) (=pole) (for flag) poste m ; (for lamp) pie m

7) (Bot) árbol o arbusto de tronco erecto y desprovisto de ramas

8) (=song) tema m clásico, clásico m

2. ADJ

1) (=normal) [design, length] estándar adj inv ; [amount, size] normal; [feature] normal, corriente; [charge] fijo; [procedure] habitual

electric windows come as standard on this car — las ventanillas eléctricas son de serie en este coche

the standard treatment is an injection of glucose — el tratamiento habitual es una inyección de glucosa

• to become standard — [practice, procedure] imponerse como norma

it has become standard practice for many surgeons — se ha convertido en una norma entre muchos cirujanos

2) (=officially approved) [spelling, pronunciation] estándar adj inv ; [grammar] normativa; [measure] legal

3) (=classic, recommended)

it's a standard text — es un texto clásico

3.

CPD

standard bearer N — (lit) abanderado(-a) m / f ; (fig) abanderado(-a) m / f, adalid mf

standard class N — clase f turista

standard deviation N — (Statistics) desviación f estándar or típica

standard English N — inglés m estándar or normativo

standard error N — (Statistics) error m estándar or típico

standard gauge N — (Rail) vía f normal

Standard Grade N — (Scot) (Scol) certificado obtenido tras aprobar los exámenes al final de la educación secundaria obligatoria

See:

see cultural note GCSE

standard lamp N — lámpara f de pie

standard model N — modelo m estándar

standard of living N — nivel m de vida

standard price N — precio m oficial

standard quality N — calidad f normal

standard rate N — (Econ) tipo m de interés vigente

standard time N — hora f oficial

standard unit N — (Elec, Gas) paso m (de contador)

standard weight N — peso m legal

* * *

I ['stændərd, 'stændəd]
noun

1)

a) ( level) nivel m; ( quality) calidad f

your typing is not of the required standard — tu mecanografía no está al nivel de lo que se exige

the standard of education leaves much to be desired — la calidad de la educación deja mucho que desear

standard of living — nivel m or estándar m de vida

b) ( norm)

she sets very high standards — exige un estándar or nivel muy alto

the product was below standard — el producto no era de la calidad requerida

up to standard — del nivel requerido or de la calidad requerida

c) ( official measure) estándar m

2)

a) ( yardstick) criterio m, parámetro m

even by Mafia standards — incluso para la mafia

by any o anybody's standards — se mire por donde se mire or desde cualquier punto de vista

b) standards pl ( moral principles) principios mpl

declining standards in society — decadencia moral en la sociedad

3) (flag, emblem) estandarte m

II

adjective

1) ( normal) < size> estándar adj inv, normal; < model> ( Auto) estándar adj inv, de serie; < procedure> habitual; < reaction> típico, normal

it's standard (practice) to ask for security — pedir garantías es la norma, se acostumbra or se suele pedir garantías

2) ( officially established) <weight/measure> estándar adj inv, oficial

standard time — hora f oficial

3)

a) <work/reference> clásico

b) <English/French/pronunciation> estándar adj inv

English-spanish dictionary > standard
15 exercise

учение, занятие; боевая подготовка; маневры; упражнение; тренировка; отработка (напр. порядка действий)

amphibious (assault landing) exercise — морское десантное учение

assault landing (training) exercise — десантное учение

C2 exercise — учение по отработке вопросов управления войсками

joint service (training) exercise — объединенное учение видов ВС

logistic(al) and interoperability exercise — учение по тыловому обеспечению интероперабельности систем

— abbreviated exercise

— aggressor-opposed exercise

— air combat exercise

— air defense exercise Allied Forces Central Europe

— air defense exercise

— air exercise

— air mobility exercise

— air movement exercise

— air transport exercise

— air transportability exercise

— airborne exercise

— aircraft decontamination exercise

— aircraft readiness exercise

— airland exercise

— airlift exercise

— airmobile assault exercise

— air-naval exercise

— alert exercise

— Allied exercise

— All-Service exercise

— antiair warfare exercise

— antiguerilla and anti-infiltration exercise

— anti-hijacking exercise

— ASW exercise

— attack firing exercise

— automatic fire exercise

— battle exercise

— battle management exercise

— biennial exercise

— bilateral exercise

— bomber exercise

— capability exercise

— CAS exercise

— civil-military cooperation exercise

— combat exercise

— combat test exercise

— combined ASW exercise

— combined exercise

— command and staff exercise

— command task exercise

— communications exercise

— compass exercise

— competitive training exercise

— computer-assisted map maneuver system exercise

— conditioning exercise

— conference and map exercise

— continental exercise

— controlled exercise

— conventional firing exercises

— coordinated exercises

— corps-size exercise

— CP and field training exercise

— CP exercise

— CP readiness exercise

— crew field firing exercise

— crew moving tank MG exercise

— crisis exercise

— crisis management exercise

— decision-type exercise

— defensive live fire exercise

— demonstration exercise

— deployment exercise

— desert exercise

— digging exercise

— directed exercise

— disembarking exercise

— dismounted tactical exercise

— dispersal exercise

— division-scale field exercise

— division-size exercise

— division-wing exercise

— double exercise

— dry boat exercise

— elementary exercise without troops

— emergency deployment readiness exercise

— endurance exercise

— escape and evasion exercise

— exercise of command

— exercise with troops

— exercise without troops

— fallout exercise

— field and CP exercise

— field exercise

— field firing exercise

— field training exercise

— fire distribution exercise

— firing exercise

— first-round hit exercise

— fixed tank firing exercise

— flight exercise

— formation exercise

— free-play exercise

— free-response map exercise

— full general emergency striking exercise

— gas chamber exercise

— graded exercise

— graduation exercise

— ground exercise

— gunnery exercise

— gunnery qualification exercise

— hasty river crossing exercise

— helicopter landing exercise

— high-level exercise

— hold an exercise

— home defence exercise

— in-basket exercise

— independent exercise

— individual combat actions exercise

— integrated exercise

— interallied exercises

— interconnected exercises

— Iogistical landing exercise

— JCS-coordinated exercise

— JCS-directed exercise

— joint combined-arms exercise

— joint exercise

— joint mobility exercise

— landing exercise

— land-sea-air exercise

— large-scale military exercise

— lay on an exercise

— limbering exercise

— live exercise

— live fire battle run exercise

— live fire exercise

— live fire gunnery exercise

— live firing attack exercise

— live firing defense exercise

— live firing exercise

— loading exercise

— local exercise

— logistic CP exercise

— logistical exercise

— logistical map exercise

— main-gun firing exercise

— major military exercise

— manual training exercise

— map exercise

— map staff exercise

— map terrain association exercise

— marine amphibious brigade field exercise

— marine amphibious brigade landing exercise

— maritime exercise

— martial exercise

— medical exercise

— military exercise

— military field exercise

— mine warfare exercise

— minor exercise

— mobility exercise

— mobilization exercise

— mounted cross-country compass exercise

— mounted tactical training exercise

— moving target exercise

— multibattalion exercise

— multilateral exercise

— multilevel exercise

— multinational exercise

— national exercise

— NATO naval convoy exercise

— night exercise

— night live fire assault exercise

— night patrolling exercise

— night-defense exercise

— noncombat exercise

— nonfiring exercise

— nonfiring field training exercise

— no-notice emergency deployment readiness exercise

— no-notice exercise

— nuclear capability exercise

— nuclear defense training exercise

— nuclear exercise

— nuclear operational readiness exercise

— nuclear ordnance exercise

— nuclear warfare exercise

— nuclear weapons training exercise

— off-post training exercise

— off-range firing exercise

— offshore discharge exercise

— on-call operations exercises

— on-range firing exercise

— on-site exercise

— operational field exercise

— over-the-beach discharge exercise

— over-the-beach landing exercise

— paper exercise

— practice firing exercise

— predeployment exercise

— primary and secondary sights zeroing exercise

— radar exercise

— ranging exercise

— rapid-reaction exercise

— readiness exercise

— realistic exercise

— rehearse an exercise

— sand model exercise

— scheduled exercise

— semicontrolled exercise

— simulated warfare exercise

— single exercise

— skeleton exercise

— sortie surge exercise

— special field exercise

— staff planning exercise

— steerabie-parachute exercise

— strategic exercise

— strategic mobility exercise

— strategic readiness exercise

— striking forces exercise

— synthetic exercise

— systems training program exercise

— tactical exercise

— tank-versus-tank live firing exercise

— terrain model exercise

— test mobilization exercise

— token exercise

— training exercise

— transportation exercise

— underwater infiltration exercise

— unilateral exercise

— uniservice exercise

— unscheduled exercise

— vertical assault exercise

— weapons training exercise

— wet boat exercise

— zero exercise

English-Russian military dictionary > exercise
16 range

расстояние; дальность (действия, стрельбы, полета) ; радиус ( действия) ; прицел ( установка прицела) ; дистанция; дальнобойность; досягаемость; диапазон; полигон; стрельбище; тир; ав. относ бомбы; определять расстояние ( до цели) ; пристреливать цель по дальности

bomb(ing) and gunnery range — полигон для бомбометания и воздушных стрельб

stylized combat (training) range — стрельбище для боевых стрельб с реальной мишенной обстановкой

— accuracy range

— acquisition range

— action range

— actual range

— actuation range

— adjusted range

— aerodynamic glide range

— aiming point range

— aiming range

— air-to-ground gunnery range

— altitude combat range

— antimissile missile range

— arming range

— artillery miniature range

— artillery range

— assault fire range

— assumed range

— AT range

— attack training range

— battle drill range

— battle range

— battle sight range

— beyond visual range

— boosted maximum range

— built-in range

— burn-through range

— burst range

— check adjusting range

— check point map range

— check point range

— classification range

— close range

— close the range

— closing range

— combat range

— commit range

— communications range

— confined firing range

— continental range

— cruising fuel range

— cruising range

— curved range

— danger range

— decisive range

— defense keepout range

— defensive range

— demolition range

— demonstrated range

— destruction range

— detection and localization range

— detection range

— direct fire range

— direct visibility range

— driving range

— dry-firing range

— dry-tank range

— effective AT range

— effective damage range

— effective range

— electromagnetic compatibility test range

— electromagnetic pulse effect range

— electronic target range

— elevation range

— endurance range

— engine endurance range

— estimated range

— estimated weapon release range

— EW range

— exhaustion range

— extreme range

— ferry range

— field firing range

— find the range

— firing range

— first-firing range

— fixed-sight range

— flame throwing range

— frequency range

— fuel exhaustion range

— full-tank range

— fuze range

— geodetic fire range

— get the range

— global range

— grazing range

— great-circle range

— ground gunnery range

— ground range

— guidance range

— gun-target range

— hand grenade range

— hand-gun range

— hitting range

— homing range

— horizontal map range

— identification range

— identification/engagement ranges

— illuminating range

— impact range

— in-between range

— indoor shooting range

— infiltration range

— interceptor sight detection range

— intercontinental ferry range

— intercontinental range

— interhemispheric range

— intermediate range

— intervening range

— IR detection range

— killing range

— kiloton range

— known distance range

— land range

— lateral range

— launching range

— lethal blast range

— lethality range

— limited range of intercept

— line-of-sight range

— live firing range

— lock-on range

— main gun range

— map range

— marching range

— maximum effective range

— maximum range

— mean observed range

— medium lethal range

— megaton range

— miniature range

— minimum range

— mini-tank range

— missile range

— mortar range

— moving tank range

— moving target range

— multiple warhead separation range

— nominal engagement range

— nominal range

— nonsensitivity range

— non-stop range

— nonviscous mixture flame throwing range

— observer-target range

— ocean range

— open range

— open the range

— opening range

— operating range

— operational range

— optical range

— OTH range

— out of range

— penetration range

— pick-up range

— piece-to-crest range

— piece-to-mask range

— pistol range

— point blank range

— practice record range

— precision bombing range

— qualification range

— radio communications range

— range ahead

— range down

— range for suppressive fire

— range in

— range of engagement

— range of fire

— range of intercept

— range of trace

— range of vision

— range of warfare environments

— range to go

— receive frequency range

— record range

— refueled range

— registered range

— release range

— required acquisition range

— required identification range

— restricted firing range

— road operating range

— rocket range

— run out of range

— safety range

— scaled-down range

— sending range

— service range

— shooting range

— sighting range

— slant range

— small arms range

— spherical flight range

— standoff range

— striking range

— subcaliber range

— subkiloton range

— supporting range

— tactical range

— take the range

— tank gunnery range

— tank range

— tank-driving range

— tank-killing range

— tape out a range

— target designation range

— target range

— targetable range

— test-and-training range

— time range

— track/endurance range

— tracking range

— transmit frequency range

— traverse range

— traversing range

— trial range

— unboosted maximum range

— underwater range

— unrefueled range

— vertical range

— viewing range

— viscous mixture flame throwing range

— visibility range

— visual range

— voice range

— vulnerable range

— weapon load range

— within range

English-Russian military dictionary > range
17 record

̘. ̈n.ˈrekɔ:d
1. сущ.
1) а) запись;
регистрация, письменная фиксация( каких-л. фактов) the coldest day on record ≈ самый холодный отмеченный день to close a record ≈ завершать записи, прекращать ведение записей( в юридической практике) to destroy records ≈ уничтожить записи to keep, make a record ≈ вести записи to keep a record of events ≈ вести записи событий to open up a record ≈ начинать записи a matter of record ≈ зарегистрированный факт (up) on record ≈ записанный, зарегистрированный to bear record to ≈ свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность( фактов и т. п.) accurate record ≈ точная запись attendance record ≈ список присутствующих detailed record ≈ подробная запись official record ≈ официальный документ sketchy records ≈ фрагментарные записи public record ≈ Государственный архив verbatim record ≈ дословная запись
2) а) регистрация, учет( кого-л. где-л. и т. п.) record clerk, record keeper ≈ регистратор record department, record room ≈ мед. регистратура record of attendances ≈ регистрация или список присутствующих б) мн. учетно-отчетные материалы, регистрационные данные field records ≈ спец. полевые данные record material ≈ воен. документация
3) а) официальная запись, отчет;
протокол( заседания, допроса, вскрытия, экспертизы и т. п.) to enter on the records ≈ занести в протокол б) юр. документ, письменно зафиксированное свидетельство;
письменное производство по делу of, in, by, (up) on record ≈ записанный, письменно подтвержденный court of record ≈ законный (монарший) суд judge of record ≈ законный судья to have record ≈ иметь власть, полномочия (судить, выносить приговоры и т. п.) в) (the record) преим. юр. суть дела to travel out of the record ≈ отклоняться от сути дела;
нарушать букву закона to keep to the record ≈ держаться сути дела;
не нарушать буквы закона
4) а) памятник прошлого;
исторический документ (свидетельствующий о чем угодно, не обязательно письменный) to put/place oneself on record ≈ увековечить свое имя, оставить след в истории Syn: document
1., monument, memorial
1. б) тж. мн. архивы, собрание памятников прошлого Public Record Office ≈ Государственный архив в) редк. счет прошедшим годам, подсчет прошедших лет (часто с of years, of time etc.) Syn: account
1., timing
5) а) характеристика, биография( профессиональная и т. д.) ;
досье, собрание фактов, данных( о ком-л.) his record is against him ≈ его характеристика говорит не в его пользу to have a police record ≈ состоять на учете в полиции a good academic record ≈ хорошая академическая характеристика This airline's safety record is impeccable. ≈ Репутация этой авиалинии безупречна. She has a distinguished record as a public official. ≈ Она блестяще проявила себя в роли должностного лица. б) спец. уголовная биография;
список судимостей
6) а) видео- или аудиозапись (на любом виде носителя) to make a record ≈ записывать, делать запись( видео, музыкальную и т. д.) б) грампластинка (виниловый музыкальный диск) long-playing record ≈ долгоиграющая пластинка (тж. LP) a single record ≈ сингл, сорокопятка to cut a record ≈ записывать пластинку to play a record ≈ заводить, ставить пластинку gramophone record ≈ грампластинка phonograph record ≈ грампластинка
7) особ. спорт рекорд, лучший результат;
рекордное достижение to beat/break/cut the record ≈ побить рекорд to establish, set a ( new) record ≈ установить (новый) рекорд to equal, tie a record ≈ достичь рекорда to better, surpass a record ≈ побить рекорд distinguished record ≈ выдающиеся достижения excellent record ≈ большие успехи to hold a record ≈ установить рекорд national record ≈ национальный рекорд Olympic record ≈ олимпийский рекорд speed record ≈ рекорд по скорости unbroken record ≈ непобитый рекорд world record ≈ мировой рекорд
8) компьют. запись (массив информации, обрабатываемый как одно целое)
9) уст., библ. очевидец, свидетель;
свидетельство Syn: witness
1. ∙ for the record on the record off the record of record on record
2. гл.
1) записывать, регистрировать;
заносить в список, в протокол;
оформлять как документ (какие-л. факты и т. п.)
2) а) записывать звук, изображение или информацию иного рода (на какой-л. вид носителя - пленку, диск и т. п.) ;
снимать, производить фото-, видео- или киносъемку These songs were recorded from a concert during last year's season. ≈ Эти песни были записаны на концерте в прошлом сезоне. while recording the album 3 members of the band died of heroin ≈ за время записи альбома 3 участника группы умерли от героина б) быть пригодным для записи: записывать (о пишущем приборе) ;
писаться, записываться( об инструменте и т. п.) the camera records badly ≈ камера плохо записывает the guitar didn't record clearly enough ≈ гитара недостаточно хорошо прописалась
3) о приборах а) регистрировать, записывать earthquake shocks recorded by a seismograph ≈ подземные толчки, зафиксированные сейсмографом Syn: register
2. б) показывать, отмечать( на шкале и т. д.) the thermometer recorded 90 degrees ≈ термометр показал 90 градусов Syn: indicate, read I
1.
4) свидетельствовать, являться памятником чему-л. (в переносном смысле - см. примеры) ;
оставлять след, увековечивать this shell-hole in the ground records a bomb strike that's been taken on our village ≈ эта воронка свидетельствует о бомбовом ударе на нашу деревню this monument records a moment of happiness ≈ этот монумент воздвигнут в память о минуте счастья Her sufferings are recorded on her face for the rest of her life. ≈ Ее страдания на всю оставшуюся жизнь отпечатались на ее лице.
5) петь, заливаться, выводить трели (о птице) запись, записывание;
письменное упоминание, письменный след ( чего-л.) - * centre документохранилище - * management документоведение;
делопроизводство - * of a patient (медицина) история болезни - to make a * of smth. записать что-л. - to keep a * of a conversation вести запись беседы - I can find no * of it это нигде не записано, это нигде не упоминается (письменно) - to be on * быть документально установленным /записанным/ - it is on * that... известно, что...;
история говорит, что... - the information we have on * (официальное) сведения, которыми мы располагаем регистрация, учет - * clerk, * keeper регистратор, делопроизводитель - * department, * room (медицина) регистратура - * practice( военное) зачетная стрельба - to keep a * of road accidents вести учет /регистрацию/ несчастных случаев на дорогах - there was no * of any man with those initials человек с такими инициалами нигде не числился - * of attendances список /регистрация/ присутствующих - his * of attendances is bad он часто отсутствует документация;
учетно-отчетные документы;
отчетные материалы;
данные - field *s (специальное) данные полевого журнала, полевые данные - * material (военное) документация протокол (заседания, испытания, вскрытия и т. п.) ;
стенограмма;
официальный документ - public *s судебные протоколы - abstract of * выписка из записи/ из протокола/ - * of evidence протокол допроса свидетеля - on /upon, in/ * занесенный в протокол, запротоколированный, зарегистрированный - to enter on the *s занести в протокол - I want to be on * as having... прошу занести в протокол, что я... (юридическое) материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу архив - *s of the Foreign Office архив министерства иностранных дел - keeper of the *s, * keeper архивариус, регистратор факты, данные ( о ком-л.) ;
характеристика, репутация - criminal * (юридическое) досье преступника, регистрация приводов, судимостей и т. п.;
уголовное прошлое;
судимость - to have a good * иметь хорошую репутацию;
прожить жизнь честно - to have /to show/ a clean * иметь безупречное прошлое;
(юридическое) не иметь судимости - he has a police * он известен полиции, у него есть приводы - his * is against him его прошлое говорит против него - as is evident from his whole * как явствует из всего, что он сделал в жизни;
свидетельством чего является вся его деятельность достижения;
результаты деятельности - the committee's * to date то, что уже сделано комитетом к настоящему времени - the committee's * is not unimpressive комитет сделал немало - that airline has a bad * эта авиалиния пользуется дурной славой /считается ненадежной/ (спортивное) рекорд - world * мировой рекорд - to beat /to break, to cut/ the * побить рекорд - to achieve a * поставить /установить/ рекорд - two *s fell два рекорда были побиты /пали/ звукозапись;
запись (звука, изображения на пластинку, пленку и т. п.) ;
фонограмма;
фотограмма;
кинограмма - sound * фонограмма, звуковая дорожка - sound-and-picture * фотофонограмма - photographic * фотозапись, фоторегистрация - camera * (фото) снимок - telemetry * телеметрическая запись - echo * (специальное) регистрация эха /отраженного импульса/ диаграмма( самописца) граммофонная пластинка - mother * матрица( пластинки) (американизм) перфорированный нотный ролик( для механического фортепьяно) (исторический) памятник (о статуе, картине, манускрипте и т. п.) - the *s of the past памятники прошлого - the *s of medieval life in the British Museum средневековые экспонаты в Британском музее - to put /to place/ oneself on * отличиться, выдвинуться;
увековечить свое имя, оставить след в истории - history has not preserved any * of... история не сохранила письменных свидетельств о... (the *) преим. (юридическое) суть дела - to keep to the * держаться сути дела - to travel out of the * приводить доводы, не относящиеся к делу;
говорить не по существу( юридическое) (библеизм) свидетельское показание;
свидетель - to bear * to свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность (фактов и т. п.) - I can bear * to his good character я могу засвидетельствовать его добропорядочность - to call /to take/ to * призывать в свидетели;
ссылаться на - God is my * that... видит Бог, что я... память - to pass from * исчезнуть из памяти;
пройти, не оставив следа > on (the) * официальный;
гласный, открытый;
несекретный;
объявленный публично;
сделанный или предназначенный для печати( о заявлении и т. п.) > to place on * зафиксировать > I want to place on * that... надо констатировать /заявить/, что... > to go /to put oneself/ on * заявить что-л. официально;
сделать заявление для печати > off the * не для печати;
конфиденциальный, не подлежащий оглашению( особ. в печати) ;
неофициальный( о заявлении и т. п.) > he spoke off the * он выступал неофициально > this is strictly off the * пусть это останется между нами;
это строго конфиденциально > of * записанный, зафиксированный;
всем известный, несомненный > matter of * документально подтвержденный факт > their enmity was a matter of * for years из вражда уже много лет всем известна > * of service послужной список;
деятельность в прошлом, прохождение службы > to keep the * straight не допустить извращения (истины и т. п.) ;
предотвратить возможность неправильного истолкования (факта и т. п.) > to set the * straight внести поправку в протокол, документ и т. п.;
поправить чью-л. ошибку;
разъяснить недоразумение;
восстановить истинное положение вещей > I want to set the * straight я хочу внести ясность рекордный;
небывалый, неслыханный (тж. перен.) - * pace рекордная скорость - * prices неслыханные цены - * drought небывалая засуха - * audience небывалое количество присутствующих записывать, протоколировать;
заносить в список, реестр, протокол и т. п. - to * a speech записывать или стенографировать речь - to * the day's events записать события дня - to * one's thoughts in a diary заносить свои мысли в дневник - he already has several convictions *ed against him за ним уже числится несколько судимостей - this volume *s the history of the regiment в этом томе излагается история полка регистрировать, фиксировать;
показывать (о приборе) ;
записывать (о регистрирующем или самопищущем приборе) - a seismograph *s earthquakes сейсмограф регистрирует землетрясения - to * the time (спортивное) засекать время, хронометрировать - the thermometer *ed 40 degrees термометр показывал 40 градусов записывать на пленку, пластинку и т. п. - the gramophone has 8ed his voice его голос записан на граммофонную пластинку - the programme was *ed программа была записана на пленку (в отличие от прямого эфира) записываться (о звуке) - the piano does not * well звук фортепьяно плохо записывается (на пластинку и т. п.) снимать( фото- или киноаппаратом) увековечивать - he is *ed to have built this church in 1270 из истории известно, что он построил эту церковь в 1270 году - this stone *s a famous battle этим камнем отмечена историческая битва петь, заливаться (о птице) (устаревшее) свидетельствовать active ~ вчт. активная запись addition ~ вчт. добавляемая запись allocation ~ вчт. закрепленная запись amendment ~ вчт. корректурная запись backspace a ~ вчт. возвращаться на одну запись bargaining ~ протокол переговоров to bear ~ to свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность (фактов и т. п.) ~ рекорд;
to beat (или to break, to cut) the record побить рекорд blocked ~ вчт. сблокированная запись chained ~ вчт. цепная запись change ~ вчт. запись файла изменений checkpoint ~ вчт. запись контрольной точки control ~ вчт. управляющая запись court ~ судебная выписка criminal ~ досье преступника current ~ вчт. текущая запись current ~ текущий учет data ~ вчт. запись данных delete a ~ вчт. исключать запись duplicate ~ вчт. дублирующая запись ~ протокол (заседания и т. п.) ;
to enter on the records занести в протокол fixed-length ~ вчт. запись фиксированной длины formatted ~ вчт. форматная запись growth ~ регистрация роста ~ факты, данные (о ком-л.) ;
характеристика;
to have a good (bad) record иметь хорошую (плохую) репутацию headed ~ вчт. заглавная запись header ~ вчт. запись-заголовок header ~ вчт. паспортная запись his ~ is against him его прошлое говорит против него;
record of service послужной список;
трудовая книжка history ~ вчт. ретроспективная запись home ~ вчт. начальная запись incident ~ вчт. случайная запись keep ~ of вести учет to keep to the ~ держаться сути дела;
to travel out of the record вводить( что-л.), не относящееся к делу loss ~ учет потерь loss ~ учет убытков master ~ вчт. главная запись a matter of ~ зарегистрированный факт;
(up) on record записанный, зарегистрированный multiuser ~ вчт. запись формируемая рядом пользователей no criminal ~ дело не влечет уголовного наказания notarial ~ нотариальная запись off the ~ не по существу off the ~ разг. не подлежащий оглашению (в печати) off the ~ разг. разг. неофициально, неофициальным путем a matter of ~ зарегистрированный факт;
(up) on record записанный, зарегистрированный overflow ~ вчт. запись переполнения parent ~ вчт. родительская запись performance ~ учет производительности (или эффективности) работы работника personal ~ личное дело personel ~s учет кадров personnel ~ картотека персонала primary ~ вчт. первичная запись record бухгалтерская книга ~ вести бухгалтерский учет ~ вносить в протокол ~ граммофонная пластинка;
запись на граммофонной пластинке ~ юр. документ, дающий право на владение ~ документ (оформленный надлежащим должностным лицом и содержащий доказательства зафиксированного в нем правового акта, сделки, права), публичный акт ~ документация ~ заносить в бухгалтерскую книгу ~ заносить в реестр ~ заносить в список ~ записывать, регистрировать;
протоколировать;
заносить в список, в протокол ~ записывать ~ вчт. записывать ~ записывать ~ записывать на пластинку, на пленку ~ запись;
регистрация (фактов) ;
летопись;
мемуары, рассказ о событиях ~ запись ~ вчт. запись ~ запись ~ материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу ~ материалы судебного дела ~ официальный документ, запись, отчет ~ официальный документ ~ официальный отчет ~ памятник прошлого ~ письменное производство по делу ~ протокол (заседания и т. п.) ;
to enter on the records занести в протокол ~ протокол ~ протоколировать ~ регистр ~ вчт. регистрация ~ регистрация ~ вчт. регистрировать ~ регистрировать ~ рекорд;
to beat (или to break, to cut) the record побить рекорд ~ сигналограмма ~ стенограмма ~ увековечивать ~ удостоверять ~ учитывать ~ фактографические данные ~ факты, данные (о ком-л.) ;
характеристика;
to have a good (bad) record иметь хорошую (плохую) репутацию ~ фиксировать ~ access block вчт. блок доступа к записи ~ attr. рекордный ~ by a notary заверять у нотариуса ~ of arrivals регистрация прибытия ~ of decisions запись решений ~ of forwarding регистрация отправки ~ of keystrokes вчт. последовательность клавиш ~ of resolutions запись решений ~ of sentence протокольная запись приговора суда his ~ is against him его прошлое говорит против него;
record of service послужной список;
трудовая книжка root ~ вчт. корневая запись sales ~ учет продаж semifixed ~ вчт. запись ограниченной длины sorted ~s вчт. отсортированные записи source ~ вчт. исходная запись space ~ вчт. разделяющая запись stock ~ книга учета запасов stock ~ учет запасов summary ~ вчт. итоговая запись target ~ вчт. целевая запись total ~ вчт. итоговая запись track ~ вчт. сведения о продвижении по службе trailer ~ вчт. заключительная запись to keep to the ~ держаться сути дела;
to travel out of the record вводить (что-л.), не относящееся к делу trial by the ~ производство по спору о наличии признанного судебным решением долга undefined-length ~ вчт. запись неопределенной длины unformatted ~ вчт. неформатная запись unit ~ вчт. единичная запись variable length ~ вчт. запись переменной длины variable-length ~ вчт. запись переменной длины variant ~ вчт. запись с вариантами

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > record
18 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

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   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
19 exercise

1. n упражнение, тренировка

leg exercise — упражнение для ног

mild exercise — легкое упражнение

type of exercise — вид упражнения

exercise PB — упражнение на брусьях

floor exercise — вольные упражнения

2. n обыкн. упражнения; комплекс упражнений

five-finger exercises — фортепьянные упражнения, экзерсисы

map exercises — учебные занятия по карте

compulsory exercises — обязательные упражнения

voluntary exercises — произвольные упражнения

conditioning exercises — подготовительные упражнения

floor exercises — вольные упражнения

pre-water exercises — упражнения на суше

chest exercise — упражнение для развития мышц грудной клетки

toe - pointing exercise — упражнение для оттягивания носков

wall - bars exercise — упражнения на гимнастической стенке

exercise tones up the muscles — упражнения укрепляют мышцы

five-finger exercise — музыкальное упражнение для пальцев

3. n упражнение; задача; пример

an exercise in geometry — задача по геометрии

to do an exercise in English — выполнять упражнение по английскому языку

to take exercise — делать моцион, гулять; делать гимнастику

power - building exercise — упражнение для развития силы

strength - balance exercise — силобалансовое упражнение

physique - building exercise — упражнение с отягощением

flexibility exercise — упражнения для развития гибкости

exercise ergometer — эргометр для физических упражнений

4. n осуществление, применение; проявление

the exercise of hospitality — проявление гостеприимства

exercise of rights — осуществление прав

exercise of parental authority — применение родительской власти

exercise of functions — отправление обязанностей

exercise of judgment — самостоятельная оценка

an exercise in compromise — принятие компромиссного решения

exercise of — осуществление

exercise of discretion — осуществление усмотрения

5. n амер. церемония, торжества, празднества

commencement exercises — выпускной акт ; торжественное собрание, посвящённое выпуску

6. n обряды, ритуал

religious exercises — религиозные обряды; церковная служба

7. n научный диспут

8. n воен. учение, занятие; боевая подготовка

military exercises — военные учения

exercise cruise — учебное плавание, тренировочный поход

exercise ground — учебное поле, учебный плац

night exercise — ночное учение

battle exercise — боевое учение

test exercise — смотровое учение

logistic exercise — тыловое учение

military exercise — военные учения

9. v упражнять, развивать, тренировать

to exercise the body with some labour — укреплять тело физическим трудом

10. v упражняться, тренироваться

we exercise every day — мы тренируемся каждый день

11. v выполнять

perform an exercise — выполнять упражнения

12. v делать моцион или физическую зарядку, двигаться

you do not exercise enough — вы мало двигаетесь

you need physical exercise — вам необходимо больше двигаться

to do an exercise orally — делать упражнение устно

the value of exercise — важное значение моциона

exercise stress — физическая нагрузка

healthy exercise — полезный моцион

13. v осуществлять, применять, использовать; пользоваться; проявлять

to exercise administration — осуществлять управление

to exercise dominion over — иметь власть над

to exercise functions — выполнять функции, исполнять обязанности

to exercise a right — использовать право

exercise power — использовать власть

to exercise rights — осуществлять права

exercise watch — осуществлять наблюдение

exercise restraint — проявлять сдержанность

exercise jurisdiction — осуществлять юрисдикцию

14. v преим. волновать, тревожить, беспокоить

the problem that is exercising our minds — проблема, волнующая умы

15. v воен. проводить учения

the exercise has been scrub bed out — учения были отложены

operational field exercise — оперативное полевое учение

amphibious landing exercise — морское десантное учение

tactical training exercise — тактическое учение

head-quarter exercise — командно-штабное учение

Синонимический ряд:

1. action (noun) action; calisthenics; labor; labour; toil; work; workout

2. lecture (noun) lecture; lesson; recitation

3. procedure (noun) ceremony; observance; procedure; ritual; service

4. study (noun) discipline; drill; drilling; maneuver; operation; practice; rehearsal; schooling; study; training

5. use (noun) activity; application; employment; exercising; exertion; performance; play; rehearse; usage; use

6. afflict (verb) afflict; burden; pain; trouble; worry

7. annoy (verb) abrade; annoy; bother; chafe; fret; gall; irk; provoke; ruffle; vex

8. drill (verb) drill; operate; practice; rehearse; work out

9. exert (verb) exert; ply; put out; throw; wield

10. perform (verb) discharge; execute; fulfil; implement; perform

11. train (verb) discipline; school; train

12. use (verb) actuate; apply; bestow; effect; employ; exploit; handle; practise; try; use; utilise; utilize

Антонимический ряд:

ease; idleness; inactivity; indolence; laziness; relaxation; rest; sluggishness

English-Russian base dictionary > exercise
20 campo

m.

1 country, countryside (campiña).

en mitad del campo in the middle of the country o countryside

la emigración del campo a la ciudad migration from rural areas to cities

campo abierto open countryside

a campo traviesa cross country

2 field.

dejar el campo libre a algo/alguien (figurative) to leave the field clear for something/somebody

campo de aviación airfield

campo de batalla battlefield

campo magnético (physics) magnetic field

campo de pruebas testing ground

campo de tiro firing range

campo visual field of vision

3 camp (campamento).

campo de refugiados refugee camp

campo de trabajo work camp; (de vacaciones) labor camp (para prisioneros)

campo de concentración concentration camp

campo de exterminio death camp

4 pitch (sport) (de fútbol). (peninsular Spanish)

jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away (from home)

campo de deportes sports ground

5 field (computing).

6 room.

7 domain, scope.

8 campsite.

9 pitch area, area of play.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: campar.

* * *

campo

► nombre masculino

1 (campiña) country, countryside

■ vivir en el campo to live in the country

2 (agricultura) field

■ los campos de maíz the cornfields

■ trabajar el campo to work the land

3 (de deportes) field, pitch

4 (espacio) space

■ en el campo de la medicina in the field of medicine

5 figurado field, scope

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dejarle a alguien el campo libre figurado to leave the field open for somebody

ir a campo traviesa/través to cut across the fields

campo de batalla battlefield

campo de concentración concentration camp

campo de fútbol football pitch

campo de golf golf course, golf links plural

campo de tenis tennis court

campo de tiro shooting range

campo deportivo playing field

campo visual visual field

campo magnético magnetic field

casa de campo country house

trabajo de campo field work

* * *

noun m.

1) country, countryside

2) field

* * *

SM

1) (=terreno no urbano) country

viven en el campo — they live in the country o countryside

los domingos salimos al campo — on Sundays we go out to the country

el campo está precioso — the countryside looks beautiful

la gente del campo — country people o folk

a campo raso — out in the open

campo a través — cross-country

campeonato de campo a través — cross-country championship

los tres prisioneros huyeron campo a través — the three prisoners fled cross-country

2) (Agr) [para cultivar]

un campo de trigo — a wheat field

campos de amapolas — poppy fields

los obreros del campo — farm workers, agricultural workers

los productos del campo — farm produce, country produce

trabajar en el campo — to work the land

campo de cultivo — (lit) farm land; (fig) breeding ground

3) (Dep) (=estadio) ground; (=cancha) pitch, field (EEUU)

jugaron en el campo del Barcelona — they played at Barcelona's ground

el portero tuvo que abandonar el campo — the goalkeeper had to leave the pitch o field

el equipo perdió en su campo — the team lost at home

campo de deportes — sports ground

campo de fútbol — football pitch

campo de golf — golf course

campo de juego — playing field

4) (=espacio delimitado)

campo de aterrizaje — landing field

Campo de Gibraltar — Spanish territory around the border with Gibraltar

campo de minas — minefield

campo de tiro — firing range

estar dentro del campo de tiro de algn — to be in sb's firing range

campo petrolífero — oilfield

campo santo — cemetery, churchyard

Campos Elíseos — [en París] Champs Elysées; (Mit) Elysian Fields

5) (Mil) (=campamento) camp

levantar el campo — (Mil) to break camp, strike camp; (=irse) to make tracks *

- dejar el campo libre

campo de aviación — airfield, airdrome (EEUU)

campo de batalla — battlefield

quedar en el campo de batalla — to fall in battle

campo de concentración — concentration camp

campo de ejercicios — exercise ground

campo de entrenamiento — training camp

campo de exterminio — extermination camp

campo de maniobras — training camp

campo de pruebas — testing ground

campo de refugiados — refugee camp

campo de trabajo — [de castigo] labour o (EEUU) labor camp; [de vacaciones] work camp

6) (=grupo) field

campo alfanumérico — alphanumeric field

campo léxico — lexical field

campo numérico — numeric field

campo semántico — semantic field

7) (=ámbito) field

el campo de las ciencias — the field of science

investigación de campo — field investigation

campo de acción, campo de actuación — scope, room for manoeuvre o (EEUU) maneuver

campo de investigación — field of investigation

campo gravitatorio — gravity field, field of gravity

campo magnético — magnetic field

campo visual — field of vision, visual field
trabajo 1)
8) (Arte) background

9) (Heráldica) field

10) And (=estancia) farm, ranch; Cono Sur (=tierra pobre) barren land; And, Cono Sur (Min) mining concession

11) LAm (=espacio) space, room

no hay campo — there's no room o space

* * *

masculino

1) ( zona no urbana) country; ( paisaje) countryside

viven en el campo — they live in the country

la gente del campo — the country people

el campo se ve precioso — the countryside looks beautiful

campo a través or a campo traviesa — <cruzar/ir> cross-country

2)

a) ( zona agraria) land; ( terreno) field

trabajar el campo de forma eficaz — to work the land efficiently

las faenas del campo — farm work

los campos de cebada — the field of barley

b)

de campo — field (before n)

investigaciones or observaciones de campo — a field study trabajo

- campo de aterrizaje

- campo de batalla

- campo de vuelo

- campo minado or de minas

- campo petrolífero

3) (Dep) ( de fútbol) field, pitch; ( de golf) course

perdieron en su campo or en campo propio — they lost at home

- campo a través

- campo de juego

- campo de tiro

4) (ámbito, área de acción) field

esto no está dentro de mi campo de acción — this does not fall within my area o field of responsibility

dejarle el campo libre a alguien — to leave the field clear for somebody

- campo de fuego

- campo de pruebas

- campo magnético/de gravedad

- campo semántico

- campo visual

5) ( campamento) camp

levantar el campo — to make tracks (colloq)

- campo de concentración/de refugiados

- campo de trabajo

- campo de trabajos forzados

6) (Andes) (espacio, lugar)

hagan or abran campo — make room

siempre le guardo campo — I always save her a place

7) (Inf) field

* * *

masculino

1) ( zona no urbana) country; ( paisaje) countryside

viven en el campo — they live in the country

la gente del campo — the country people

el campo se ve precioso — the countryside looks beautiful

campo a través or a campo traviesa — <cruzar/ir> cross-country

2)

a) ( zona agraria) land; ( terreno) field

trabajar el campo de forma eficaz — to work the land efficiently

las faenas del campo — farm work

los campos de cebada — the field of barley

b)

de campo — field (before n)

investigaciones or observaciones de campo — a field study trabajo

- campo de aterrizaje

- campo de batalla

- campo de vuelo

- campo minado or de minas

- campo petrolífero

3) (Dep) ( de fútbol) field, pitch; ( de golf) course

perdieron en su campo or en campo propio — they lost at home

- campo a través

- campo de juego

- campo de tiro

4) (ámbito, área de acción) field

esto no está dentro de mi campo de acción — this does not fall within my area o field of responsibility

dejarle el campo libre a alguien — to leave the field clear for somebody

- campo de fuego

- campo de pruebas

- campo magnético/de gravedad

- campo semántico

- campo visual

5) ( campamento) camp

levantar el campo — to make tracks (colloq)

- campo de concentración/de refugiados

- campo de trabajo

- campo de trabajos forzados

6) (Andes) (espacio, lugar)

hagan or abran campo — make room

siempre le guardo campo — I always save her a place

7) (Inf) field

* * *

campo¹

¹ = country, countryside, field.

Ex: But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.

Ex: Problems of community service seem to show up more clearly in the countryside.

Ex: He was a loner himself, a small-town country boy who spent most of his time wandering about the hills and fields near his home.

* biblioteca de campo de concentración = concentration camp library.

* campo de juego = pitch.

* campo a través = off-road.

* campo de alfarero = potter's field.

* campo de batalla = battleground, battlefield.

* campo de ceniza volcánica = ash field.

* campo de césped artificial = all-weather pitch.

* campo de concentración = concentration camp, gulag, internment camp.

* campo de cricket = cricket grounds.

* campo de deportes = sport arena.

* campo de detención = internment camp.

* campo de exterminación = death camp.

* campo de fútbol = football field.

* campo de fútbol de tierra = dirt football pitch.

* campo de golf = golf course.

* campo de hierba artificial = all-weather pitch.

* campo de internamiento = internment camp.

* campo de juego = playing field.

* campo de juego de tierra = dirt pitch.

* campo de lava = lava field.

* campo de manzanos = apple orchard.

* campo de minas = minefield.

* campo de naranjos = orange grove, orange orchard.

* campo de olivos = olive grove.

* campo de petróleo = oil field.

* campo de prisioneros = prison camp, P.O.W. camp, prisoner of war camp, gulag.

* campo de reclusión = internment camp.

* campo de refugiados = refugee camp.

* campo de tierra = dirt pitch.

* campo de tiro = gun range, shooting range.

* campo de trabajos forzados = labour camp, forced labour camp.

* campo, el = bush, the.

* campo petrolífero de producción regular = marginal field.

* casa de campo = holiday home, country residence.

* centro del campo = halfway line.

* club de campo = country club.

* como un campo de batalla = like a war zone.

* cría en campo = free-range farming.

* de campo = free-range.

* dejar los campos en barbecho = let + fields lie fallow.

* diario de campo = field notebook.

* gallina de campo = free-range hen.

* habitante del campo = country dweller.

* línea de medio campo = halfway line.

* mano de obra del campo = farm labour force.

* pollo de campo = free-range chicken.

* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].

* trabajador de campo = fieldworker [field worker].

* trabajador del campo = farmworker [farm worker], agricultural labourer, farm labourer, farm worker.

* trabajadores del campo = farm labour force.

* vida en el campo = rural life.

* vivir del campo = live off + the land.

campo²

² = area, arena, field, front, territory.

Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

Ex: This shifts the responsibility for headings and their arrangement into the arena of cataloguers and indexers.

Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

Ex: Present auguries on the resource front are not good.

Ex: The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.

* campo afín = twin field.

* campo científico = academic field, scientific field.

* campo de acción = purview, scope.

* campo de actividad = area of application.

* campo de actuación = purview, scope, sphere of interest.

* campo de aplicación = field of application, scope, scope of application, field of practice, area of application.

* campo de especialización = area of competence, field of specialisation.

* campo de estudio = field of study.

* campo de interés = sphere of interest.

* campo de investigación = research field.

* campo de la computación = computing field.

* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.

* campo de trabajo = field of endeavour.

* campo de visión = breadth of vision, viewing position, field of vision.

* campo electromagnético = electromagnetic field.

* campo magnético = magnetic field.

* campo temático = subject field.

* campo visual = field of vision.

* en el campo de = in the realm of, in the field of.

* generar un campo magnético = generate + magnetic field.

* investigación de campo = intervention research, field research.

* investigador de campo = fieldworker [field worker].

* trabajo de campo = fieldwork [field work].

campo³

³ = field.

Nota: Aplicado a una parte de un registro de una base de datos.

Ex: Records are normally divided into fields.

* abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.

* búsqueda por campos = field searching.

* campo bibliográfico = bibliographic field.

* campo de cabecera = leader field.

* campo de control = control field.

* campo de datos = datafield.

* campo de información = data field.

* campo de longitud fija = fixed length field.

* campo de longitud variable = variable length field.

* campo de notas = notes field.

* campo de registro = field.

* campo de relación = linking field.

* campo de texto libre = free-text field.

* campo indizable = indexing field.

* campo inserto = embedded field.

* campo reservado = reserved field.

* campo restringido = limit field.

* código de campo = field code.

* contenido del campo = field content.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* delimitador de campo = field delimiter.

* etiqueta de campo = field label, field tag.

* identificador de campo = field label.

* identificador de campo abreviado = short field label.

* identificador de campo desarrollado = long field label.

* indicador de campo = field indicator.

* marca de final de campo = delimiter.

* nombre del campo = field name.

* separador de campo = field separator.

* sufijo de campo = field suffix code.

* tamaño del campo = field size.

* tecla de borrado de campo = ERASE FIELD key.

el campo

(n.) = bush, the

Ex: Her experiences in Namibia involved cycling along dirt roads through the bush to village schools in order to read stories and help children make their own books = Sus experiencias en Namibia supusieron ir en bicicleta por caminos de tierra por el campo a las escuelas de las aldeas para leer cuentos y ayudar a los niños a hacer sus propios libros.

* * *

campo

masculine

A

(campiña): el campo the country

se fue a vivir al campo he went to live in the country

la migración del campo a la ciudad migration from the countryside o from rural areas to the cities

el campo se ve precioso con nieve the countryside looks lovely in the snow

modernizar el campo to modernize agriculture

el campo no se cultiva de manera eficaz the land is not worked efficiently

las faenas del campo farm work

la gente del campo country people

a campo raso out in the open

campo a través or a campo traviesa or a campo través cross-country

Compuesto:

campo a través

cross-country running

el campeonato nacional de campo a través the national cross-country championships

B (terreno)

1 ( Agr) field

los campos de cebada the barleyfields, the fields of barley

2 (de fútbol) field, pitch ( BrE); (de golf) course

perdieron en su campoor en campo propio they lost at home

lleno absoluto en el campo the stadium o ( BrE) ground is packed

3

de campo field ( before n)

hicieron investigaciones or observaciones de campo they did a field study

trabajo

Compuestos:

● campo corto

masculine and feminine ( Ven) shortstop

● campo de aterrizaje

landing field

● campo de batalla

battlefield

● campo de entrenamiento

training ground

● campo de exterminio

death camp

● Campo de Gibraltar

area of Spain around the border with Gibraltar

● campo de golf

golf course, golf links (pl)

● campo de honor

field of honor*

● campo de juego

( period); football field, football pitch ( BrE)

● campo de la muerte

killing field

● campo de minas

minefield

● campo de pruebas

testing o proving ground

● campo de tiro

firing range

● campo de vuelo

airfield

● campo minado

minefield

● campo minero

( Per) mine

● campo petrolífero

oilfield

● campo santo

cemetery

● Campos Elíseos

mpl ( Mit) Elysian fields (pl); (en París) Champs Elysées

C (ámbito, área de acción) field

esto no está dentro de mi campo de acción this does not fall within my area o field of responsibility

el campo de acción de la comisión the committee's remit

abandonó el campo de la investigación she gave up research work

dejarle el campo libre a algn to leave the field clear for sb

Compuestos:

● campo de fuego

field of fire

● campo de fuerzas

force field

● campo de visión

field of vision

● campo gravitatorio or de gravedad

gravitational field

● campo magnético

magnetic field

● campo operatorio

operative field

● campo semántico

semantic field

● campo visual

field of vision

D (campamento) camp

levantar el campo ( fam); to make tracks ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● campo de concentración

concentration camp

● campo de refugiados

refugee camp

● campo de trabajo

work camp, working vacation ( AmE) o ( BrE) holiday

E

( Andes) (espacio, lugar): hagan or abran campo make room

siempre le guardo campo I always save her a place

F ( Inf) field

G (en heráldica) field

* * *

Del verbo campar: ( conjugate campar)

campo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

campó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
campar
campo
campo sustantivo masculino
1 ( zona no urbana) country;
( paisaje) countryside;
◊ la gente del campo the country people;

el campo se ve precioso the countryside looks beautiful;
campo a través or a campo traviesa ‹caminar/ir› cross-country
2 ( zona agraria) land;
( terreno) field;
◊ trabajar el campo to work the land;

las faenas del campo farm work;
los campos de cebada the field of barley;
campo de aterrizaje landing field;
campo de batalla battlefield;
campo de minas minefield;
campo petrolífero oilfield
3 (Dep) ( de fútbol) field, pitch (BrE);
( de golf) course;
◊ jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away;

campo a través cross-country running;
campo de tiro firing range
4 (ámbito, área de acción) field;
◊ el campo de la informática the field of computing

5 ( campamento) camp;
◊ campo de concentración/de refugiados concentration/refugee camp

campar verbo intransitivo to stand out, be prominent
♦ Locuciones: familiar campar por sus respetos, to do as one pleases
campo sustantivo masculino
1 country, countryside
2 (tierra de cultivo) land: trabaja en el campo, he works on the land
(parcela de cultivo) field: los campos de girasoles embellecen el paisaje, sunflower fields leave the landscape looking beautiful
3 Dep field
(de fútbol) pitch
(de golf) course
4 (ámbito) field
5 Fís Fot field 6 campo de acción, field of action
Mil campo de batalla, battlefield
campo de concentración, concentration camp
campo de trabajo, work camp
campo magnético, magnetic field
campo visual, field of vision
trabajo de campo, fieldwork
♦ Locuciones: a campo traviesa o través, cross-country
' campo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abierta
- abierto
- ampliar
- aplanar
- chalet
- ciudad
- dibujar
- dominguera
- dominguero
- dominio
- eminencia
- empecinada
- empecinado
- faena
- faenar
- finca
- mariscal
- merendero
- pequeña
- pequeño
- primicia
- rancho
- reverdecer
- salida
- sembrada
- sembrado
- terrena
- terreno
- villa
- vista
- zigzag
- abonar
- ámbito
- anegar
- avance
- caminata
- campesino
- cercar
- criar
- cultivar
- empantanado
- empantanarse
- excursión
- florido
- fumigar
- labor
- medio
- merendar
- merienda
- milpa
English:
airfield
- angrily
- area
- arena
- battlefield
- bound
- common
- concentration camp
- cottage
- country
- country club
- country cottage
- countryside
- course
- cover
- cross-country
- domain
- dread
- field
- field trip
- field work
- football field
- free rein
- front nine
- go through
- golf course
- ground
- link
- magnetic
- minefield
- open
- out-of-bounds
- pasture
- pitch
- playing field
- proving ground
- ramble
- range
- reputed
- rifle range
- rolling
- scramble
- shooting-range
- sphere
- villa
- ahead
- battle
- branch
- concentration
- cross

* * *

campo nm

1. [terreno, área] field;

un campo de tomates a field of tomatoes;

Comp

dejar el campo libre a algo/alguien to leave the field clear for sth/sb

Comp
campo de acogida [de refugiados] provisional refugee camp;
campo de aterrizaje landing-field;

campo de aviación airfield;
también Fig campo de batalla battlefield;
campo de concentración concentration camp;

los Campos Elíseos [en París] the Champs Êlysées;

el campo enemigo enemy territory;

campo de exterminio death camp;

el Campo de Gibraltar = the area of Spain at the border of Gibraltar;

campo de hielo ice field;

campos de maíz cornfields;
también Fig campo minado minefield;
campo de minas minefield;

campo de nieve snowfield;

campo petrolífero oilfield;

campo de prisioneros prison camp;

campo de pruebas testing ground, proving-ground;

campo de refugiados refugee camp;

campo de tiro [para aviones] bombing range;
[para policías, deportistas] firing range, shooting range;
campo de trabajo [de vacaciones] work camp;
[para prisioneros] labour camp
2. [campiña]
el campo the country, the countryside;

una casa en el campo a house in the country;

en mitad del campo in the middle of the country o countryside;

la emigración del campo a la ciudad migration from rural areas to cities

Comp
campo abierto open countryside; Dep campo a través cross-country running
3. Esp Dep [de fútbol, hockey] field, Br pitch;
[de tenis] court; [de golf] course;
el campo de fútbol del Barcelona the Barcelona football ground;

el campo contrario the opponents' half;

jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away (from home)

Comp
campo atrás [en baloncesto] backcourt violation;
campo de deportes sports Br ground o US facilities;

campo de entrenamiento training ground;

campo de juego playing field

4. [área, ámbito] field;

el campo de las ciencias the field of science;

un campo del saber a field o an area of knowledge;

no entra en su campo de actuación it's not one of his responsibilities

Comp
Ling campo léxico lexical field
5. Informát field

6.
de campo [sobre el terreno] in the field;

trabajo de campo fieldwork

7. Fís field

Comp
campo eléctrico electric field;
campo electromagnético electromagnetic field;

campo de fuerza force field;

campo gravitatorio gravitational field;

campo magnético magnetic field;

campo magnético terrestre terrestrial magnetic field;

campo visual visual field, field of vision

8. [partido, bando] camp, side;

el campo rebelde the rebels

9. Andes [sitio] room, space;

hazme campo para que me siente make some room so I can sit down

10. RP [hacienda] farm, ranch

* * *

campo

m

1 field

2

:

el campo ( área rural) the country;

en el campo in the country(side);

ir al campo go to the country;

a campo abierto o

raso in (the) open country;

a campo traviesa, campo a través cross-country

3 DEP field, Br tb

pitch; ( estadio) stadium, Br tb

ground

4

:

en el campo de la técnica in the technical field;

dejar el campo libre leave the field free (a for), make way (a for);

tener campo libre para hacer algo have a free hand to do sth

* * *

campo nm

1) campaña: countryside, country

2) : field

campo de aviación: airfield

su campo de responsabilidad: her field of responsibility

* * *

campo n

1. (extensión de terreno) country

viven en el campo they live in the country

2. (paisaje) countryside

el campo es muy bonito the countryside is very pretty

3. (tierra de cultivo) field

un campo de trigo a wheatfield

4. (materia de estudio) field

en el campo de la medicina in the field of medicine

campo de deportes sports field

campo de fútbol football pitch

campo de golf golf course

Spanish-English dictionary > campo

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